Linux Commands
file system commands:
كود:
cd Change Directory
chmod Change access permissions
chown Change file owner
chgrp Change group ownership
df Display free disk space
dir Briefly list directory contents
du Estimate file space usage
fdformat Low-level format a floppy disk
fdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux
find Search for files that meet a desired criteria
format Format disks or tapes
fsck Filesystem consistency check and repair.
ln Make links between files
locate Find files
ls List information about file(s)
mkdir Create new folder(s)
mknod Make block or character special files
mount Mount a file system
umount Unmount a device
mtools Manipulate MS-DOS files
mv Move or rename files or directories
quota Display disk usage and limits
quotacheck Scan a file system for disk usage
quotactl Set disk quotas
cp Copy one or more files to another location
rcp Copy files between two machines.
rm Remove files
rmdir Remove folder(s)
symlink Make a new name for a file
umask Users file creation mask
uniq Uniquify files
v Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
vdir Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
dirs Display list of remembered directories
pushd Save and then change the current directory
popd Restore the previous value of the current directory
dircolors Colour setup for `ls'
dirname Convert a full pathname to just a path
ram ram disk device
sync Synchronize data on disk with memory
operation on files commands:
كود:
sort Sort text files
split Split a file into fixed-size pieces
diff Display the differences between two files
diff3 Show differences among three files
cmp Compare two files
cut Divide a file into several parts
sdiff Merge two files interactively
tac Concatenate and write files in reverse
tail Output the last part of files
touch Change file timestamps
wc Print byte, word, and line counts
awk Find and Replace text within file(s)
comm Compare two sorted files line by line
egrep Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
expand Convert tabs to spaces
fgrep Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
fmt Reformat paragraph text
fold Wrap text to fit a specified width.
gawk Find and Replace text within file(s)
grep Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
gzip Compress or decompress named file(s)
tar Tape ARchiver
head Output the first part of file(s)history Command History
less Display output one screen at a time
paste Merge lines of files
tr Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
unexpand Convert spaces to tabs
cat Concatenate files, print on the standard output
cksum Print CRC checksum and byte counts
csplit Split a file into context-determined pieces
dd Data Dump - Convert and copy a file
ed A line-oriented text editor (edlin)
install Copy files and set attributes
join Join lines on a common field
mkfifo Make FIFOs (named pipes)
more Display output one screen at a time
nl Number lines and write files
pathchk Check file name portability
rpm Remote Package Manager
rsync Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)
sum Print a checksum for a file
tee Redirect output to multiple files
uuencode Encode a binary file
uudecode Decode a file created by uuencode
configuration commands:
كود:
chkconfig Tool for maintaining the /etc/rc[0-6].d directory hierarchy
chroot Change root directory
cron Daemon to execute scheduled commands
crontab Schedule a command to run at a later time
date Display or change the date & time
env Display, set, or remove environment variables
hostname Print or set system name
screen Terminal window manager
getting information commands:
كود:
arch Print machine architecture
cal Display a calendar
which Locate a program file in the user's path.
date Display or change the date & time
env Display, set, or remove environment variables
free Display memory usage
groups Print group names a user is in
hostname Print or set system name
id Print user and group id's
info Help info
logname Print current login name
man Help manual
printenv Print environment variables
pwd Print Working Directory
tty Print filename of terminal on stdin
uname Print system information
users List users currently logged in
whereis Report all known instances of a command
who Print all usernames currently logged in
whoami Print the current user id and name (`id -un')
Users and security commands:
كود:
adduser Add a new user
passwd Modify a user password
su Substitute user identity
useradd Add a new user
usermod Modify user account
process management commands:
كود:
kill Stop a process from running
nice Set the priority of a command or job
nohup Run a command immune to hangups
ps Process status
top List processes running on the system
printing commands:
كود:
lpc Line printer control program
lprOff line print
lprm Remove jobs from the print queue
pr Convert text files for printing
printcap Printer capability database
networking commands:
كود:
traceroute Trace Route to Host
ping Sends echo request to Host
Misc commands:
كود:
bc An arbitrary precision calculator language
clear Clear terminal screen
dc Desk Calculator
echo Display message on screen
eject Eject CD-ROM
expr Evaluate expressions
factor Print prime factors
false Do nothing, unsuccessfully
printf Format and print data
sed Stream Editor
select Accept keyboard input
seq Print numeric sequences
shutdown Shutdown or restart linux
sleep Delay for a specified time
test Evaluate a conditional expression
time Measure Program Resource Use
true Do nothing, successfully
tsort Topological sort
units Convert units from one scale to another
unshar Unpack shell archive scripts
watch Execute/display a program periodically
xargs Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
yes Print a string until interrupted
__________________
